The Multi-Dimensional Impact Of International Tourism

Abstract

Most countries – be they developed or developing, rich or poor, and large or small – compete for a larger share of the international tourism dollars. They capitalize on their cultural heritage, historic landmarks, rich wildlife, ancient monuments, scenic beauty, and other distinctive attractions and invest in world class resorts, hotels, and entertainment facilities to increase their appeal to the greatest numbers and different types of international travelers. However, success in international tourism is not without a cost. Aside from the investment needed for developing, upgrading, and maintaining the tourism infrastructure, there are environmental and social costs that need to be measured and carefully managed. Although many economists point to the revenues that are earned by destination countries from international tourism, some observers in developing countries show concern about the creation of a state of economic, political and cultural dependency that may have long-term negative consequences.

This article explores the history, present importance, trends, and growth patterns of international tourism. It addresses a number of questions: 1) Has international tourism been a curse or a blessing for countries that have become economically dependent on it?, 2) Have recent trends been more or less favorable to the poorest countries?, 3) What are the forces that bring about shifts and changes in international tourism?, and 4) What are the future prospects for this industry?